CNS Drugs Profile

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Pharmacist Guidelines

CNS DRUGS

1. ANTI-ANXIETY DRUGS
2. ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
3. ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
4. ANTI-PARKINSONIAN DRUGS
5. CNS STIMULANTS
6. COGNITION ENHANCERS
7. GENERAL ANAESTHETICS
8. MANIAC DRUGS
9. OPIOIDS ANALGESICS
10. OPIOIDS ANTAGONISTS
11. PRE-ANAESTHETIC MEDICATION
12. SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS

1. ANTI-ANXIETY DRUGS

           (Anxiolytic-sedative, Minor tranquilizer)

BENZODIAZEPINES:

• Diazepam
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Oxazepam
• Lorazepam
• Alprazolam

AZAPIRONES

• Buspirone
• Gepirone
• Ispapirone

SEDATIVE ANTIHISTAMINE

• Hydroxyzine

β-BLOCKERS

• Propranolol

2. ANTI-DEPRESSANT

REVERSIBLE INHIBITORS OF MAO-A (RIMAs):

• Moclobemide
• Clorgyline

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS:

 i. (NA + 5-HT Reuptake inhibitors):

• Imipramine
• Amitriptyline
• Trimipramine
• Doxepin
• Dothiepin
• Clomipramine

 ii. (Predominantly NA Reuptake inhibitors):

• Desipramine
• Nortriptyline
• Amoxapine
• Reboxetine

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs):

• Fluoxetine
• Fluvoxamine
• Paroxetine
• Sertraline
• Citalopram
• Escitalopram

ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS:

• Trazodone
• Mianserin
• Mirtazapine
• Venlafaxine
• Duloxetine
• Tianeptine
• Amineptine
• Bupropion

3. ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS

BARBITURATE:

• Phenobarbitone

DEOXYBARBITURATE:

• Primidone

HYDANTOIN:

• Phenytoin
• Fophenytoin

IMINOSTIBEBE:

• Carbamazepine
• Oxcarbazepine

SUCCINIMIDE:

• Etosuximide

ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID:

• Valproic acid (sodium valporate)
• Divalprox

BENAZODIAZEPINES:

• Clonazepam
• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Clobazam

PHENYLTRIAZINE:

• Lamotrigine

CYCLIC GABA-ANOLGUE:

• Gabapentin
• Pregabalin

NEWER DRUGS:

• Vigabatrin
• Topiramate
• Tiagabine
• Zonisamide
• Levetiracetam

4. ANTI-PARKINSONIAN DRUGS

DRUGS AFFECTING BRAIN DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM

• Dopamine precursor
• Levodopa (L-dopa)

PERIPHERAL DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITORS:

• Carbidopa
• Benserazide

DOPAMINERGIC AGONISTS:

• Bromocriptine
• Ropinirole
• Pramipexole

MAO-B INHIBITORS:

• Selegiline

COMT INHIBITORS:

• Entacapone
• Tolcapone

DOPAMINE FACILITATOR:

• Amantadine

DRUGS AFFECTING BRAIN CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM

CENTRAL ANTICHOLINERGICS:

• Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol)
• Procyclidine
• Biperiden

ANTIHISTAMINE:

• Oephenadrine
• Promethazine

5.  CNS STIMULANTS DRUGS

CONVULSANTS:

• Strychnine
• Picrotoxin
• Bicuculline
• Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)

ANALEPTICS:

• Doxapram

PSYCHOSTIMULANTS:

• Amphetamines
• Methyphenidate
• Modafinil
• Pemoline
• Cocaine
• Caffeine

6. COGNITION ENHANCERS

(CEREBROACTIVE DTUGS)

CHOLINERGIC ADCTIVATORS:

• Tacrine
• Rivastigmine
• Donepezil
• Galantamine

GLUTAMATE (NMDA) ANTAGONIST:

• Memantine

MISCELLANEOUS CEREBROACTIVE DRUGS:

• Piracetam
• Pyritinol (Pyrithioxine)
• Dihydroergotoxine (Codergocrine)
• Piribedil
• Ginkgo biloba
• Citicoline

7. GENERAL ANAESTHETICS

INHALATIONAL

GAS:

• Nitrous oxide

VOLATILE LIQUIDS:

• Ether
• Halothane
• Enflurane
• Isoflurane
• Desflurane
• Sevoflurane

INTRAVENOUS

INDUCING AGENTS:

• Thiopental sodium
• Methohexitone sodium
• Propofol
• Etomidate

SLOWER ACTING DRUGS:

Benzodiazepines:

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam

Dissociative anesthesia:

• Ketamine
• Opioid analgesia
• Fentanyl

8.  MANIAC DRUGS

(DRUGS FOR MANIA & MANIC-DEPRESSIVE (BIPOLAR) DISORDER)

LITHIUM CARBONATE

ANTICONVULSANTS:

• Carbamazepine
• Sodium valproate
• Lamotrigine
• Topiramate

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS:

• Olanzapine
• Risperidone
• Aripiprazole
• Quetiapine

9.  OPIOID ANALGESICS

NATURAL OPIUM ALKALOIDS:

• Morphine
• Codeine

SEMI SYNTHETIC OPIATES:

• Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
• Pholcodine
• Oxymorphone
• Hydromorphone
• Oxycodone

SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS:

• Pethidine (Meperidine)
• Fentanyl
• Alfentanil
• Sufentanil
• Methadone
• Dextropropoxyphene
• Tramadol

10. OPIOIDS ANTAGONISTS

(COMPLEX ACTION OPIOIDS)

AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS (k-ANALGESICS):

• Nalorphine
• Pentazocine
• Nalbuphine
• Butorphanol

PARTIAL/WEAK u-AGONIST + k-ANTAGONIST:

• Buprenorphine

PURE ANTAGONISTS:

• Naloxone
• Naltrexone
• Nalmefene

11. PRE-ANAESTHETIC MEDICATION

OPIOIDS:

• Morphine
• Pethidine
• Fentanyl

SEDATIVE-ANTIANXIETY DRUGS:

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam
• Promethazine

ANTICHOLINERGICS:

• Atropine
• Hyoscine
• Glycopyrrolate

NEUROLEPTICS:

• Chlorpromazine
• Triflupromazine
• Haloperidol
• Histamine H2 blockers
• Ranitidine
• Famotidine

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI):

• Omeprazole
• Pantoprazole

ANTIEMETICS:

• Metoclopramide
• Domeperidone
• Ondansetron

12. SEDATIVE - HYPNOTICS

BARBITURATES:

Long acting:

• Phenobarbital

Short acting:

• Butobarbitone
• Pentobarbitone

Ultra short acting:

• Thiopental
• Methohexital

BENZODIAZEPENES:

Hypnotic:

• Diazepam
• Flurazepam
• Nitrazepam
• Alprazolam
• Temazepam
• Triazolam

Antianxiety:

• Diazepam
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Oxazepam
• Lorazepam
• Alprazolam

Anticonvulsant:

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Clonazepam
• Clobazam

NEWER NONBENZODIAZEPINE HYPNOTICS:

• Zopiclone
• Zolpidem
• Zaleplon

OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS:

• Chloral hydrate
• Triclophos
• Paraldehyde
• Glutethimide
• Methyprilone
• Methaqualone
• Meprobamate
• Promethazine
• Chlorpromazine
• Amitriptyline
• Morphine
• Hyoscine

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